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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(9): 1099-1106, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058651

ABSTRACT

Background: Cirrhotic patients have an increased surgical risk due to potential intra and postoperative complications. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical complications of cirrhotic patients undergoing surgery in a Chilean university hospital. Patients and Methods: Review of medical records of 102 cirrhotic patients aged 60 ± 11 years (52% males) who underwent elective or urgency surgery at an university hospital between 2010 and 2016. General, pre-surgical, and post-surgical complications were recorded. Results: The main etiologies of cirrhosis were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (31%), and alcoholic cirrhosis (28%). Child-Pugh scores were A, B and C in 50, 28 and 22% of cases respectively. Median MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score was 11 (interquartile range: 10-15). The surgical procedure was elective in 71% of cases, with predominance of abdominal surgery (86%). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was three or more in 52% of patients. The frequency of any adverse outcome was 62%. The frequency increased along with the severity of cirrhosis and when surgery was urgent. The most common complications were acute renal failure (24%), increased ascites (23%) and encephalopathy (22%). Admission to intensive care unit occurred on 26% of patients, with six hospital deaths. Conclusions: In these patients, surgical complications were common, although with low mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , End Stage Liver Disease , Severity of Illness Index , Chile/epidemiology , Elective Surgical Procedures , Liver Cirrhosis/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis/complications
2.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 12(1): 39-42, dic. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567044

ABSTRACT

Pericardial effusion is a common finding in patients with decompensate hypothyroidism or without treatment, but this finding generally is of small quantity and slow filling. The following case shows a 64 year old male patient with no previous history of hypothyroidism that made debuted with a massive pericardial effusion; was treated with pericardiocentesis and levotyroxine after diagnosis was made. The patient evolved favourably with progressive disappearing of pericardial effusion.


El derrame pericárdico es un hallazgo común entre pacientes con hipotiroidismo sin tratamiento o descompensados, siendo por lo general de escasa cuantía y de lenta acumulación. Este caso clínico muestra un paciente varón de 64 años sin antecedentes de hipo tiroidismo que debutó con derrame pericárdico masivo, tratado con pericardiocentesis y terapia de reemplazo hormonal tiroídea posterior al diagnóstico realizado durante su hospitalización. El paciente evolucionó favorablemente con una disminución progresiva del derrame hasta su desaparición.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pericardial Effusion/surgery , Pericardial Effusion/etiology , Hypothyroidism/complications , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Pericardiocentesis , Thyroxine/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 12(1): 43-48, dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567045

ABSTRACT

Early rheumatoid arthritis, defined as being diagnosed between 6 months and 2 years of the onset of symptoms, is a picture that has gained great importance in recent times because its detection involves possibility of early aggressive treatment from the beginning, avoiding evolution to a chronic and disabling poli symptomtics. It is characterized by pain and stiffness polyarticular symmetrical what can be correlated with physical examination in the presence of arthritis and synovitis. In its management and diagnosis are keys specific examinations as rheumatoid factor and antibodies anti peptide cyclical citrulline, when both are positive allow confirm the diagnosis by 100% along with confer prognostic value, like the x-ray study of hands or feet to confirm the presence of erosions joints. The treatment includes drugs that influence the management of symptomatic patients and the early introduction of disease-modifying drugs, which gets a better prognosis in the medium and long term.


La artritis reumatoídea precoz, definida como aquella que se diagnostica entre 6 meses y 2 años del inicio de los síntomas, es un cuadro que ha adquirido gran importancia en el último tiempo debido a que su detección implica posibilidad de tratamiento agresivo precoz desde el inicio, evitando la evolución a una enfermedad crónica polisintomática e incapacitante. Se caracteriza por dolor poliarticular simétrico y rigidez lo que puede correlacionarse en el examen físico con presencia de artritis y sinovitis. En su manejo y diagnóstico son claves los exámenes específicos como el factor reumatoídeo y anticuerpos antipéptido cíclico citrulinado, que cuando ambos son positivos permiten confirmar el diagnóstico en un 100% junto con conferir valor pronóstico, al igual que el estudio radio lógico de manos o pies para confirmar la presencia de erosiones articulares. El tratamiento, incluye drogas que influyen en el manejo sintomático del paciente y la introducción precoz de fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad, con lo que se obtiene un mejor pronóstico en el mediano y largo plazo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology , Citrulline , Rheumatoid Factor , Peptides, Cyclic
4.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 12(1): 49-54, dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567046

ABSTRACT

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a specific micro vascular complication of diabetes, being the third leading cause of blindness in the world. Many biochemical mechanisms have been proposed as causes for the development and progression of the DR, leading to the search of different treatments. Nevertheless, only chronic hyperglycemia has been demonstrated as a contributing factor for the retinopathy, but the exact mechanism has not been established. Demonstrated risk factors for the development of DR are the duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pregnancy and nephropathy. Intensive glycemic control remains the most important primary intervention and among secondary interventions, the most effective is the laser photocoagulation.


La Retinopatía Diabética (RD) es una manifestación específica ocular del daño microvascular producido por la diabetes mellitus, constituyendo la tercera causa de ceguera a nivel mundial. Muchos mecanismos bioquímicos han sido propuestos como causas para el desarrollo y la progresión de la RD, llevando a la búsqueda de diversos tratamientos. Sin embargo, lo único que se ha demostrado es que la hiperglicemia crónica contribuye a la retinopatía, pero el mecanismo exacto no se ha determinado. Factores de riesgo demostrados para el desarrollo de RD son la duración de la diabetes, hiperglicemia, hipertensión arterial, hiperlipidemia, embarazo y nefropatía. Entre las intervenciones primarias, la principal es el estricto control metabólico y a nivel secundario la fotocoagulación con láser, constituye la medida más efectiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology , Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology , Diabetic Retinopathy/therapy , Disease Progression , Risk Factors , Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology
5.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 11(1): 43-48, dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567036

ABSTRACT

Acute angle closure glaucoma is an eye affection characterized by a sudden increase of intraocular pressure, which can produce an irreversible damage of optic nerve if diagnosis and treatment are late. That's why general practitioners must know well its basic diagnosis and treatment. The onset includes ocular pain, headache, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision and its signs are central red eye, pupilar dilation, etc. Diagnosis is confirmed by tests performed for an ophthalmologist. For management in emergency rooms it is suggested, hydration, control of pain, nausea and vomiting and drugs to decrease high intraocular pressure with topical agent such as pilocarpine and timolol, and systemic agents such as acetazolamide and manitol. Definitive treatment includes laser iridotomy or incisional iridectomy and the administration of topical agents like the ones mentioned above and others like prostaglandinic analogs, etc. Sequels may include complete loss of vision of affected eye if early treatment is not initiated.


El glaucoma de ángulo cerrado es una afección aguda del ojo caracterizada por aumento súbito de la presión intraocular, que sin diagnóstico oportuno y bien manejado puede producir daño irreversible del nervio óptico. Por lo anterior el médico general debe conocer las bases para su diagnóstico y manejo. Como síntomas destacan dolor ocular, cefalea, epífora, visión borrosa, alteraciones vegetativas y como signos, ojo rojo central, midriasis, entre otros. La presunción diagnóstica debe ser confirmada por oftalmólogo por lo que ante la sospecha la interconsulta es perentoria. En el servicio de urgencias, se recomienda control de signos neurovegetativos y dolor, hidratación y agentes depresores tópicos de la presión intraocular (pilocarpina y timolol), y sistémicos (acetazolamida y manitol). El tratamiento definitivo lo constituye la iridotomía láser o iridectomía incisional y el uso de agentes depresores tópicos o sus derivados a mantención según corresponda, y otros como análogos de prostaglandinas. De no mediar tratamiento precoz las secuelas pueden incluir pérdida total de visión en el ojo afectado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Emergency Medical Services , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/therapy , Physicians, Family , Acute Disease
6.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 11(1): 49-53, dic. 2007.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567037

ABSTRACT

Elder abuse is a subject not well studied yet in Chile nor in the rest of the world, but with the projected increase in the elder population, more data are needed to diagnose and work on this problem. Elder abuse is difficult to study, since it is likely to be underreported, mainly because of the victim's dependence on the perpetrator and also because many times the abuse may not seem obvious even to the victim. Although the magnitude of the elder abuse remains unknown, its moral and social significances are obvious. This problem manifests itself in both, developing and developed nations as well; nevertheless, large-scale studies on elder abuse have been, in general, restricted to developed nations. Nowadays there is an increasing awareness on elder abuse, which has helped the detection of the cases but it still is a matter that needs solution proposals. In Chile, available data are scarce and, considering the current demographic transition the country is going through, it becomes necessary to make a real diagnosis of the situation to create strategies to prevent and detect it.


El maltrato al adulto mayor es un problema poco estudiado en Chile y el mundo, el que con el envejecimiento de la población, requiere de un mejor conocimiento para su manejo. Este fenómeno tiene dificultades para su estudio ya que tiende a ser sub reportado, debido principalmente a la dependencia de la víctima en el victimario y porque en la diversidad de abusos, en muchos casos no resultan evidentes incluso para las víctimas. Aunque la magnitud del maltrato al adulto mayor es desconocida, su significación moral y social son obvias. Este problema se manifiesta tanto en países desarrollados como en países en desarrollo, pero su estudio a gran escala se limita a algunos países desarrollados. A nivel mundial en el último tiempo se ha generado una mayor conciencia sobre el tema, mejorando la detección de casos, pero aún es un problema que necesita propuestas de solución. En Chile la información disponible es muy escasa y, con la transición demográfica que el país experimenta en la actualidad, se hace necesario un diagnóstico real de la magnitud del problema para poder generar estrategias de prevención, detección y manejo del mismo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Elder Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Sex Distribution
7.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 11(1): 54-58, dic. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-567038

ABSTRACT

Homeopathic medicine is one of the different types of "alternative" medicine that frequently are used by our patients and followed by some clinical , without a real utility measured by systematic analyses of its real utility, given the ample biases to which they expose this type of therapy compared with the traditional medicine. We make a critical analysis of a systematic revision that compares 110 traditional medicine studies and 110 homeopathic medicine studies in multiple areas. The analyzed studies were in most cases of low methodological quality, with a tendency to demonstrate that the studies of worse quality show more beneficial effects in homeopathic medicine that those of high quality. Analyzing only those of high quality odds ratio 0.88 (0.65 - 1.19) for homeopathy and 0.58 (0.39 - 0.85) for traditional medicine. No statistics differences exist between homeopathic medicine and placebo, which doesn't happened in traditional medicine. Homeopathic medicine presents effectiveness attributable to placebo effect.


La medicina homeopática es una de los distintos tipos de medicina "alternativa" que son frecuentemente usados por nuestros pacientes y seguida por algunos clínicos, sin que se haya establecido su real utilidad mediante análisis sistemáticos de su real utilidad, dado los amplios sesgos a los que se exponen este tipo de terapia comparado con la medicina tradicional. Se presenta un análisis crítico de una revisión sistemática que compara 110 estudios de medicina tradicional y 110 estudios de medicina homeopática en múltiples áreas de la medicina. Se observa que los estudios analizados fueron en su mayoría de baja calidad metodológica, con tendencia a que aquellos de peor calidad muestran más efectos benéficos en homeopatía que los de alta calidad. Analizando solo los de alta calidad se aprecia odds ratio 0,88 (0,65 - 1,19) para homeopatía y 0,58 (0,39 - 0,85) para medicina tradicional. Se concluye que la medicina homeopática presenta eficacia atribuible a efecto placebo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Evidence-Based Medicine , Homeopathy , Periodicals as Topic , Placebo Effect , Reproducibility of Results
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